Kadri YUREKLI¹, Ahmet KURUNC² and Huseyin SIMSEK³  1.   Res. Ass. Dr. Gaziosmanpasa Unıversity, 2. Res. Ass. Dr. Gaziosmanpasa Unıversity, 3.  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gaziosmanpasa Unıversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Farm Structure and Irrigation 60250 Tasliciftlik-Tokat/TURKEY

Abstract: This study analyzed daily maximum streamflow data of each month from three gauge stations on Cekerek Stream for simulation using stochastic approaches. Initially non-parametric test (Mann-Kendall) was used to identify the trend during study period. The two approaches of stochastic modeling, ARIMA and Thomas-Fiering models, were used to simulate monthly maximum data. The error estimates (RMSE and MAE) of predictions from both approaches were compared to identify the most suitable approach for reliable simulation. The two error estimates calculated for two approaches indicate that ARIMA model appear to be slightly better than Thomas-Fiering. However, both approaches were identified as appropriate method for simulating daily maximum streamflow data of each month from three gauge stations on Cekerek Stream.

Keywords: Daily maximum streamflow, stochastic model, ARIMA, Thomas-Fiering

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Xixi Wang and Peilian Cui, Respectively, Research Scientist, Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202; Software Programmer , Department of Space Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202.

Abstract: The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a one-dimensional, lumped field-scale model. It can simulate major physical, chemical, and biological processes in an agricultural crop production system. While its reliability has been verified by several researchers, because of its lumped structure RZWQM could not account for the soil heterogeneity and the associated nonuniformity of management practices across the field. Neglecting the variability may result in misleading simulation results. On the other hand, the variability can be accurately characterized by using a geographic information system (GIS), especially ArcView GIS, the most widely used desktop mapping and geographic analysis system. Linked with ArcView GIS, RZWQM will have a quasi-distributed structure, which makes it possible to incorporate the field variability into the simulation. The linkage is realized by a series of interfaces and dialogue boxes developed in Avenue and Microsoft Visual Basic computer programming languages. The user can develop and execute such a coupled model by employing an easily-used main interface, the interfaces for preparing the input data files and displaying the simulation results, and the associated dialogue boxes. Undoubtedly, the linkage will facilitate and enhance the use of RZWQM.

Keywords:  geographic Information System; quasi-distributed mathematical modeling; RZWQM; spatial variability; field management; water quality modeling; model integration.)

Abstract: The Raniganj area has a long history of coal mining starting from 1744. This has resulted in major change in land use pattern and high groundwater abstraction leading to drinking water crisis especially during the premonsoon period. In the present study, land use /land cover conversions in Raniganj area from 1972 to 1998 and groundwater potential zoning for future groundwater development has been delineated using the techniques of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study indicates that land covered by vegetation and settlement has decreased at the expense of mining activity, which is reflected in the increase in area of overburden dump, barren land, waste land and abandoned quarry filled with water. Land use/land cover conversion has taken place in about 99.6 sq km, which accounts for 34.9 % of the total area, over 26-year period. Overlay analysis using multi-criteria such as drainage texture, geomorphology, lithology, current land use and steepness of slope and frequency of lineaments has been utilized to understand the potentiality of groundwater for future development. The analysis indicates that the groundwater potentiality of Raniganj area is medium (yield: 25 –50 m3/hr) with high potential (yield: >50 m3/hr) in the stretch along the Damodar River and in small pockets in the northern part of the study area. The groundwater abstractions structures feasible in the each of the various potential zones have also been suggested.

Keywords: Raniganj, Groundwater, GIS, Remote Sensing

Keywords: Mass balance, Salinity, advection, base flow

Ruslan Rainis, GIS and Spatial Analysis Research Group, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia,  11800 Penang, Malaysia. On sabbatical leave at School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom from September 2002 to May 2003.

Abstract: This study compares the effects of slope information derived from three GIS software on sediment yield as estimated using AGNPS model. The three GIS software are IDRISI for Windows, ERDAS Imagine and ArcView. The results of the study clearly demonstrated that the different software produced different slope information. The deviations were considerable when the comparisons were based on raw slope values. The maximum slope values generated by the software differed by as much as 61 percent. Not only the software produced different slope values, the locations where the maximum slope occurred were also different. These differences in slope information subsequently impacted the estimates of sediment yield using the AGNPS model. While the maximum slope information differed only by 1.6 times, the maximum sediment yields generated by the difference software varied by as much as 12.7 times. This strongly indicates that the use of different GIS software in environmental modeling might lead to different decision making and management strategy.

Keywords: Geographical Information System (GIS), slope  information, Sediment yield; AGNPS model; tropical catchment

Adil Elkrai^1,3 Omer Kheir², Longcang Shu¹ and Hao zhenchun^{1, 1}College of water resources & Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing City, China. , Fax:+86253735375, Email:adilballa99@hotmail.com, ²Geological Research Authority, Fax: +24911776681, Khartoum, Sudan, ³El Neelain University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the hydraulic properties of the aquifers, evaluate the chemical characteristics of groundwater, and construct a water level and hyrochemical maps. Jacob’s, and Theis’s recovery methods were used to calculate the aquifer hydraulic properties. The chemical analyses of major constituents with aid of surfer software and Piper’s diagram were used in evaluation of groundwater chemistry and construction of hydrochemical maps. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity of Gezira and Cretaceous sedimentary aquifers were calculated. Based on field and laboratory observations it was found that the groundwater in lower Gezira and Cretaceous sedimentary aquifers is suitable for domestic use whereas that of upper Gezira aquifer is extremely saline and considered to have been polluted by local lithological units. The hydrochemical composition of the groundwater in Gezira aquifers is NaHCO₃, Ca (HCO₃)₂, Ca SO₄, CaCl₂ and Na₂SO₄ water types of alkaline character. The Cretaceous sedimentary aquifer is characterized by NaHCO₃, and NaCl₂ water types.

Key words: aquifer, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, chemical analyses, hydrochemical composition.