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Vol.
7, No. 2 Fall 2007
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| A
SPATIAL TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING STREAMBANK EROSION
BASED ON WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS |
*Barry M. Evans, Scott A Sheeder,
and David W. Lehning, Penn State Institutes of the Environment, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Abstract:
A GIS-based
technique was developed for estimating streambank erosion rates for
more accurately predicting total sediment loads at the watershed
scale without the use of detailed field data. This technique relies
on the use of data sets that are easily obtained and expressed as
GIS data layers. The basis of this technique are statistical
relationships between “lateral erosion rates” and watershed
characteristics such as curve number, grazing animal density,
topographic slope, soil erodibility, and degree of urban
development. An algorithm for estimating streambank erosion was
incorporated into a GIS-based watershed model. Simulated and
observed sediment loads were compared for twenty-eight watersheds in
Pennsylvania, and a relatively good model fit was obtained based on
a number of statistical measures.
Keywords:
GIS, watershed modeling, streambank erosion, sediment transport
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| Comparisons
of local infiltration-excess, overland flow and associated erosion
behaviour with river behaviour at the catchment scale |
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Elias Dimitriou, National Centre for Marine Research / Institute of
Inland Waters, Greece, 32 Thrakis st., Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Greece.
Abstract:Modeling overland flow
and erosional behaviour is a very important scientific task today to prevent
environmental impacts from human activities as well as physical disasters
such as floods and desertification. In the particular project the impacts
from selective logging that occurred in Malaysia has been attempted to
identify and quantify by comparing hydrological parameters both in local and
catchment scale. Measurements of rainfall, overland flow and suspended
sediment flux have been recorded for a year with a resolution of five
minutes. A Databased Mechanistic (DBM) modeling approach has been applied to
the data to facilitate physical interpretation of the results, which
provided credible conclusions. The significant alteration of the area’s
hydrologic regime, due to human interventions, has become apparent. The
great non-linearity of the rainfall-suspended sediment flux system reduced
the efficiency of the models and did not allow reliable forecasting to be
made. Nevertheless, useful conclusions has been drawn from the comparison of
hydrologic parameters in different scales and should be emphasized that DBM
models described very well the physical processes and provided satisfactory
results.
Keywords:
Hydrologic modeling,
overland flow, erosion, catchment scale
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full paper in PDF format. Price: 7.00 USD |
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